Reference
The guide's own glossary, the document's publishing details, and its stated commitments for the future.
Twenty-two defined terms
These are the guide's own definitions, with the original Bahasa Malaysia term alongside.
22 of 22 terms
Generative AI
AI Generatif
AI able to create original new content — text, images, music or code — based on a user's prompt.p.73
Algorithm
Algoritma
A set of step-by-step instructions or rules programmed into a computer to perform a task or solve a problem.p.73
AI Literacy Practices
Amalan Literasi AI
The six practice areas forming the full cycle of an AI-fluent person.p.73
Algorithmic Bias
Bias Algoritma
A systematic tendency in an AI system to produce unfair or skewed output, arising from unbalanced training data or wrong assumptions in the algorithm's design.p.73
Chatbot
Bot Sembang
An AI-based computer program designed to interact and converse with humans by text or voice.p.73
Data
Data
Information in various forms — text, images, numbers, sound — used by AI systems as raw material to learn, identify patterns and make decisions.p.73
AI Hallucination
Halusinasi AI
The phenomenon of an AI model generating wrong, inaccurate or fabricated information but presenting it as though it were true fact.p.73
Education Institution
Institusi Pendidikan
Per the Education Act 1996: a school or any other place where persons are habitually taught, including kindergartens and distance-education centres.p.73
Artificial Intelligence
Kecerdasan Buatan
A machine-based system designed to operate with varying autonomy, able to infer from input to generate outputs such as predictions, content or decisions.p.73
Core AI Literacy Skills
Kemahiran Teras Literasi AI
The cognitive and soft skills that underpin all AI literacy practices.p.73
Framework
Kerangka
An overarching structure organising interrelated ideas, principles or components to achieve a specific objective.p.73
Digital Citizenship
Kewarganegaraan Digital
The ability to participate in digital society safely, ethically and responsibly.p.73
AI Literacy
Literasi AI
The combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes enabling a person to understand, use and interact with AI critically, creatively and ethically.p.73
AI Model
Model AI
The end result of AI training once an algorithm has processed data — the engine trained to perform a specific task.p.73
Large Language Model
Model Bahasa Besar
An AI model trained on very large volumes of text, enabling it to understand and generate human language very well.p.73
Student
Murid
Per the Education Act 1996: an individual, regardless of age, who is receiving education or training at an education institution.p.73
Deepfake
Palsuan
Digital media produced by manipulating original media using AI so that the content appears genuine — altering face, voice, expression or body movement.p.73
Lifelong Learning
Pembelajaran Sepanjang Hayat
Continuous, voluntary and self-motivated learning for personal and professional development.p.73
Educator
Pendidik
Teachers and lecturers who teach students at Ministry of Education institutions.p.73
Anthropomorphism
Personifikasi
The tendency to attribute human traits, emotions or intentions to AI systems — saying AI “thinks” or “feels”.p.73
Prompt
Arahan
The instruction, question or text input a user gives a generative AI system. Writing them well is called prompt engineering.p.73
AI Governance
Tadbir Urus AI
The structures, policies and processes ensuring AI development and use align with law, ethical principles and human values.p.73
Commitments going forward
AI as a dynamic fieldp.71
AI technology and the skills to use it keep evolving, so the approach must be anchored in a culture of lifelong learning. This guide is not a static document.
Research and developmentp.71
Malaysia should be not only a user but a contributor: building networks with strategic partners, exploring local innovation tailored to the national curriculum and Malaysia's linguistic and cultural diversity, and encouraging action research among educators.
Review of the guidep.72
The Ministry commits to updating the guide periodically, with a comprehensive review proposed every three to five years, drawing on impact studies, technological advances and stakeholder feedback.
Document identity
- Official title
- Panduan Literasi Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) Kementerian Pendidikan
- English title
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy Guide, Ministry of Education
- Publisher
- Bahagian Sumber dan Teknologi Pendidikan (BSTP)
- Edition
- First printing 2026
- ISBN
- 978-629-92339-0-9
- Carried by
- SPI KPM No. 2 of 2026
- Status of this source
- Full draft dated 9.6.26 — not the gazetted final print
- Review cycle
- Comprehensive review every three to five years (p.72)